Lockout/tagout is a system for controlling hazardous energy during equipment servicing and maintenance.
Definition
Lockout/tagout (LOTO) controls hazardous energy that could cause injury through unexpected startup, energization, or release of stored energy during servicing and maintenance. Energy sources can include electrical, mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic, chemical, and thermal energy. OSHA’s general-industry standard, 29 CFR 1910.147, sets requirements and specifies its scope and exceptions. A covered employer’s program includes energy-control procedures, employee training, and periodic inspections. The applicable procedure depends on the equipment, hazards, and work being performed.
Source: OSHA: Control of Hazardous Energy
Why It Matters for Your Business
Unexpected energization or stored energy can seriously injure workers. A documented procedure and trained personnel help a company organize its energy-control program, but documentation alone does not make equipment safe. Follow the applicable rules and the employer’s equipment-specific procedures.
How Lockout/Tagout Works Across Industries
Service work can involve electrical and mechanical energy and, depending on the equipment, stored pressure or other hazards. Qualified personnel must identify and control the applicable energy sources using the employer’s procedure.
Maintenance may involve electrical, hydraulic, and gravitational hazards. The equipment and work determine which controls and procedures apply.
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Frequently Asked Questions About Lockout/Tagout
The applicable OSHA standard covers specified servicing and maintenance where unexpected energization, startup, or release of stored energy could cause injury. Review its scope and exceptions and the applicable workplace rules.
The answer depends on the energy-isolating device and the conditions in OSHA’s standard. Where a device can be locked out, the standard generally requires lockout unless the employer demonstrates that tagout provides full employee protection.
The general-industry standard requires periodic inspection of energy-control procedures at least annually. It also specifies when retraining is required, including certain changes and identified deficiencies.
Group lockout/tagout has specific requirements, including personal devices on a group device, lockbox, or comparable mechanism. Follow the applicable standard and the employer’s approved group procedure.
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